Classification of Acute&Chronic TMD

Types	Classification	Related Parts	Symptom Manifestation	Causes	Symptoms
Acute	Type 1	TMJ	TMJ	– Mainly caused by problems with TMJ disc space – Problems with muscles that correct the TMJ position	– Zig-zag motion of jaw – TMJ sound (clicking) – TMJ pain – Trismus – Jaw dislocation
	Type 2	Radiates to relevant sites	Nearby relevant parts	– Upper cervical subluxation – Cranial motion problems – Cerebral blood and CSF circulation disorders	– Headache, migraine, cervicalgia, omalgia (shoulder pain) – Ophthalmalgia, blurry vision, eye fatigue, astigmatism, strabismus, myopia, hypermetropia – Otalgia, tinnitus, hearing loss – Nasal congestion, snoring, rhinitis, mouth breathing – Facial spasm, facial pain, facial palsy, eye twitch – Toothache, bruxism, clenching
Chronic	Type 1	Structural abnormalities	– Spine – Musculoskeletal system – Jaw – Face – Occlusion	Structural changes - in the spine,- in the musculoskeletal system, – in the pelvic, – in the face, – in the jaw, – in the occlusion	– Cervical disk, lumbar disk, stenosis, spondylolysis – Spinal curvature disorders: scoliosis, kyphosis, hyperlordosis, straight neck, flat back – Pelvic pain, pelvic torsion, coxalgia, hip osteonecrosis – Facial asymmetry – Jaw asymmetry – Malocclusion (Class I, II, III)
	Type 2	Nervous system abnormalities – C fiber – Trigeminal nerve – Central nervous system	Manifests as a systemic chronic & intractable disease	Plasticity changes  – of C fiber, – trigeminal nerve, – in the overall neural network - Tension in cranial dura mater – Nervous system problems	– Chronic headache, dizziness, depression, chronic fatigue, insomnia, indigestion, lack of will, decreased reproductive capacity, self-deprecation – Central nervous system disorders (various chronic and intractable diseases) – Rare intractable diseases: dystonia, tic disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, fibromyalgia, trigeminal neuralgia, epilepsy, dementia, Parkinson’s, autoimmune disease

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can be classified into acute and chronic types, each subdivided into Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 Acute TMD is characterized by symptoms localized to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) itself, such as pain, joint sounds, and difficulty opening the mouth. Type 2 Acute TMD involves symptoms that extend beyond the TMJ, affecting other areas and causing headaches, dizziness, facial pain, toothache, and neck and shoulder pain, etc. Chronic TMD develops when acute TMD symptoms persist and progress, leading to systemic health issues. Type 1 Chronic TMD manifests as structural changes in the spine and musculoskeletal system, and occlusal imbalances. Type 2 Chronic TMD involves changes in the nervous system, which may lead to chronic headaches, depression, fatigue, autoimmune disorders, and even neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. The primary causes of TMD include TMJ disc abnormalities and/or tension, contraction, and persistent stimulation of the affected muscles. If left untreated, acute TMD can progress to chronic TMD, triggering neuroplastic changes that contribute to health problems throughout the body.